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Authors
Lin, Chia-Ling https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0822-8072
Wu, Hsueh-Ching
Yu, Neng-Chun
Liu, Yuan-Ching
Chien, Wu-Chien
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tri-Service General Hospital Research Foundation (TSGH-B-114022；TSGH-A-114010)
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Article History
Received: 25 September 2025
Revised: 4 November 2025
Accepted: 5 November 2025
First Online: 22 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Ethics Review Board of National Yang-Ming University (IRB No. 2015A013). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before enrolment, and all data were anonymized to ensure confidentiality.
