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Authors
Wang, Youting
Su, Qingqing
Wu, Hongyi
Gan, Xueyang
Kong, Dan
Tang, Nan
Chen, Jingru
Shao, Mengqi
Fu, Xiaojie
Song, Jie
Gao, Yuan
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Article History
Received: 21 May 2025
Revised: 9 August 2025
Accepted: 26 November 2025
First Online: 4 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The CHARLS survey received ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board of Peking University (Approval No. IRB00001052-11015), and all participants provided written informed consent.
