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Authors
Zheng, Tian
Chenyang, Li
Shangjun, Liu
Shuqin, Xiao
Jiaqi, Dai
Yanyan, Zhang
Liwei, Jing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Social Science Fund of China (22BSH112)
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Article History
Received: 8 October 2025
Revised: 30 November 2025
Accepted: 4 December 2025
First Online: 29 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: CHARLS was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Review Committee of Peking University, and the ethical approval number was IRB00001052-11015.procedures were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Helsinki Declaration. Participants provided informed consent before data collection.
: Not applicable.
: We did not use AI at all during the writing process.
