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Authors
Zhuo, Jialu
Han, Ting
Yang, Ning
Qu, Zhihua
Li, Zixiang
Hong, Fangjing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chinese Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (Z-2017-24-2211)
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Article History
Received: 25 October 2025
Accepted: 22 December 2025
First Online: 2 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital (approval number: SHYS-IEC-5.0 / 23KY16 / P01). Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
