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Authors
Xiong, Guang
Li, Liwei
Zhong, Haiyuan
Chen, Chunli
Ma, Lingdan
Liang, Chunmei
Liang, Min https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8354-1093
He, Yuling https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6802-4904
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (81860163)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (81860163)
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Article History
Received: 9 July 2025
Accepted: 23 December 2025
First Online: 14 January 2026
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The protocol of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the National Center for Health Statistics, and all participants provided written informed consent. The current study used publicly available deidentified data and was therefore exempt from additional ethical review and informed consent requirements.
: Not applicable.
