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Authors
Palacios-Navarro, Guillermo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9408-1280
Ramos, Pedro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9508-7078
del Río, David https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8945-6933
Gascón-Santos, Santiago https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3723-0673
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universidad de Zaragoza
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Article History
Received: 8 November 2025
Accepted: 6 March 2026
First Online: 25 March 2026
Declaration
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: The authors declare the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship and/or publication of this article. VERA system is an industrial property of INGESAN-OHLA registered in the Safe Evidence platform as industrial and intellectual property, which combines qualified time stamps and advanced electronic signatures with Blockchain technology. D.D.-R. is the head of innovation at OHLA Ingesan. Although D.D.-R. is affiliated with OHLA, data analysis was performed independently by researchers without institutional ties to OHLA. All analytical decisions followed predefined protocols, and results were jointly reviewed by all authors to ensure objectivity. None of the authors benefit financially from VERA.
: Ethical approval was obtained from the Community of Madrid Research Ethics Committee on on June 29, 2023 (protocol 3243/2023). Informed consent was obtained from all participants or their legal representatives.
