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Authors
Ran, Jun
Wang, Jinxi
Zhao, Xuemei
Zhou, Qiong
Huang, Yan
Zhai, Mei
Quan, Xin
Zhang, Yuhui
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding, China (2022-GSP-GG-9)
Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality (7222143)
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Article History
Received: 24 August 2025
Accepted: 10 March 2026
First Online: 7 April 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for all the CHARLS waves was granted from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at Peking University. The IRB approval number for the main household survey, including anthropometrics, was IRB00001052-11015; the IRB approval number for biomarker collection was IRB00001052-11014. During the fieldwork, each respondent who agreed to participate in the survey was asked to sign two copies of the informed consent, and one copy was kept in the CHARLS office, which was also scanned and saved in PDF format. Four separate consents were obtained: one for the main fieldwork, one for the non-blood biomarkers and one for the taking of the blood samples, and another for storage of blood for future analyses. More information on CHARLS can be found on its official website (http://charls.pku.edu.cn/en).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
