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Article History

Received: 5 May 2025

Accepted: 13 March 2026

First Online: 20 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Ethics Committee at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, with the allocated ethics code IR.KUMS.REC.1402.377. Permission was granted to conduct the study at Imam Ali Hospital in Kermanshah. Informed consent, both oral and written, was obtained from all participants and/or their parents or legal guardians in the case of illiteracy, following a comprehensive explanation of the study objectives to ensure data confidentiality. The principle of confidentiality was strictly upheld by accurately representing participants’ statements in the research results. Additionally, interviews were conducted individually to allow participants to comfortably share their lived experiences. To protect the confidentiality of the information provided, each interviewee was assigned a unique identification number. All methods were executed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.

: Not applicable.