Liu, Zhongyi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9646-5907
Li, Wenjing https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2803-001X
Shoemaker, Travis A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0924-6934
Tutumluer, Erol https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3945-167X
Hashash, Youssef M. A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0756-9027
Article History
Received: 15 March 2024
Revised: 9 April 2025
Accepted: 10 April 2025
First Online: 11 June 2025
Declarations
:
: Prof. Erol Tutumluer is an editorial board member for Railway Engineering Science and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. All authors declare that there are no competing interests.