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Authors
Yadav, Om Prakash https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5380-0296
Leung, Jonathan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3414-4163
Asplund, Matthias
Berg, Mats https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2571-4662
Stichel, Sebastian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8237-5847
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
European Union and Trafikverket (101101966)
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Article History
Received: 20 August 2025
Revised: 13 January 2026
Accepted: 15 January 2026
First Online: 9 April 2026
Declarations
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: One of the co-authors, Prof. Sebastian Stichel, serves as a member of the Editorial Board of Railway Engineering Science. This role did not influence, and was not involved in, the review or editorial handling of this manuscript. All editorial decisions were made independently of the author.
