Granato, Eduardo C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4930-246X
Ferreira, Gonçalo
Montenegro, Pedro
Bittencourt, Túlio N.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (2021/12367-2 and 2024/06964-6)
Institute of Research and Development in Structures and Construction (UIDB/04708/2020 and Programmatic Funding - UIDP/04708/2020)
Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (2022.00628.CEECIND)
Europe’s Rail Joint Undertaking (No. 101121765)
Article History
Received: 14 November 2025
Revised: 12 April 2026
Accepted: 14 April 2026
First Online: 8 July 2026