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Authors
Breideband, Thomas
Bush, Jeffrey B.
Reitman, Jason G.
Rose, Sierra
Weatherley, John
Penuel, William R.
D’Mello, Sidney K.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (2019805)
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Article History
Received: 16 May 2025
Accepted: 12 August 2025
First Online: 10 November 2025
Declarations
:
: This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant DRL 2019805. The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not represent views of the NSF. The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. Thomas Breideband, Jeffrey B. Bush, William R. Penuel, Jason G. Reitman, and Sidney D’Mello contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Thomas Breideband, Jeffrey B. Bush, and Sierra Rose. John Weatherley contributed to the technical development. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Thomas Breideband, Sidney D’Mello, and Jeffrey B. Bush. These authors including William R. Penuel read and approved the final manuscript. The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
