Laughney, Caitlin I. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7304-9943
Lee, Yong Gun http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5838-3337
Mergenova, Guakhar http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4702-1944
Vinogradov, Vitaliy
Zhakupova, Gulnara
Paine, Emily Allen http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-2835
Primbetova, Sholpan http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7633-7764
Terlikbayeva, Assel http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4067-1998
Wu, Elwin http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4253-3430
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA040513)
National Institute of Mental Health (K01MH128117)
Article History
Accepted: 17 June 2023
First Online: 30 June 2023
Declarations
:
: The original trial was approved by both the institutional review board of Columbia University and The Local Ethical Committee et al.-Farabi Kazakh National University. Verbal informed consent was obtained from all participants; a waiver of written documentation of consent was obtained from the IRB because the research presented no more than minimal risk of harm to subjects. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the intuitional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors. The current data analysis for this manuscript was performed on completely de-identified data.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.