Chen, Sikky Shiqi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0537-1762
Logie, Carmen H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-433X
MacKenzie, Frannie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3517-8330
Okumu, Moses https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2555-3077
Hakiza, Robert https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7857-9436
Katisi, Brenda https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2775-9565
Kibuuka Musoke, Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2793-1580
Nakitende, Aidah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2587-8528
Bahri, Bay https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8966-4413
Kyambadde, Peter https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9606-218X
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Toronto’s School of Cities Urban Challenge Grant
Grand Challenges Canada
Canadian Institutes of Health Research
International Development Research Centre
Article History
Accepted: 5 August 2025
First Online: 29 August 2025
Declarations
:
: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Board of the University of Toronto (Protocol Number: 37496), the Mildmay Uganda Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 0806–2019), and the Uganda National Council for Science & Technology (Ref: HS2716). Written informed consent was obtained from all the participants before data collection.
: The authors declare no competing interests.