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A Standard Measure of Structural Racism, Do We Have One? Can We Have One? A Narrative Review of Commonly Used Measures and Domains of Use

Published Online: 2024-09-16

Published Print: 2025-12

Authors

Tiwari, Biplav Babu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4779-4317
McDowell, Carlyncia

Roberts, Omar-Shariff Sandy

Kogan, Steven

Chen, Zhuo “Adam”

Rajbhandari-Thapa, Janani https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0468-0387
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2024-09-16

Version of Record valid from 2024-09-16
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Article History

Received: 2 May 2024

Revised: 4 September 2024

Accepted: 7 September 2024

First Online: 16 September 2024

Declarations

:

: This is a review paper and did not involve primary research or data collection involving human subjects; therefore, no institutional review board examination or approval was required.

: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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