Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Ghose, Rina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5679-7771
Forati, Amir Masoud https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6461-5448
Mohebbi, Fahimeh https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6873-6735
Mantsch, John R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0099-1599
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Foundation for Opioid Response Efforts
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 7 June 2024
Revised: 11 October 2024
Accepted: 14 October 2024
First Online: 17 January 2025
Declarations
:
: This study uses anonymized and deidentified publicly available data sets that were released by federal or state agencies for public consumption. All publicly available government data are aggregated at the census tract level, where each tract is composed of 4000 individuals. We received full approval from the Medical College of Wisconsin institutional review board with exemption from oversight by Code of Federal Regulations 46.104 (d) 4, as we conducted secondary analyses of publicly available anonymized and deidentified datasets that do not contain any personally identifiable information and do not pose any risk to ethical violations. Given that the project did not involve direct contact with subjects, an informed consent process was not required and no compensation was provided. Moreover, the project did not require a waiver of HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) authorization as outlined in 45 Code of Federal Regulations 164.514(e) because it used a Limited Dataset.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
