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Authors
Zhao, Xinnuo
Schmidt, Carl J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1264-8659
Zelner, Jon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0708-2008
Martin, Emily T.
Eisenberg, Marisa C. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4221-830X
Lephart, Paul R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8938-2257
Jaworski, Andrea
Wilson, Allecia M.
Brouwer, Andrew F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3779-5287
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Center for Forecasting and Outbreak Analytics (NU38FT000002)
University of Michigan Department of Epidemiology
Wayne County Medical Examiner's Office
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Article History
Received: 1 October 2024
Revised: 5 May 2025
Accepted: 6 May 2025
First Online: 20 May 2025
Declarations
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: This study was reviewed and deemed not regulated as human subjects research by the University of Michigan Institutional Review Board (HUM00239558). Decedents are not considered human subjects, and medical examiners’ offices are HIPAA-exempt.
: Decedents are not considered human subjects, and informed consent for participation is not applicable.
: Decedents are not considered human subjects, and informed consent for publication is not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
