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Authors
Lutz, Chelsea S.
Sutcliffe, Catherine G.
Keck, James W.
Hartman, Rachel M.
Desnoyers, Christine
Swango-Wilson, Amy
Burrage, Amanda B.
Campbell, Angela P.
Christensen, Loretta
Close, Ryan M.
Damon, Shawnell
Dobson, Jennifer
Garcia, Starla
Halasa, Natasha
Honie, Elvira
Little, Verlena
McMorrow, Meredith L.
Parker, Dennie
Prill, Mila M.
Richards, Jennifer
Va, Puthiery
Veazie, Mark
VanDeRiet, Dan
Yazzie, Del
Singleton, Rosalyn J.
Hammitt, Laura L.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U01 IP001116)
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Article History
Received: 17 November 2024
Revised: 9 May 2025
Accepted: 15 May 2025
First Online: 21 July 2025
Declarations
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: This study was reviewed and approved by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Institutional Review Board (IRB) and the ethics review board for each participating tribe (Arizona sites: Navajo Nation Human Research Review Board and Phoenix Area Indian Health Service IRB; Alaska sites: Alaska Area IRB, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Southcentral Foundation, and Yukon-Kuskokwim Health Corporation). This study was reviewed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and was conducted consistent with applicable federal law and CDC policy []. This study followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) reporting guidelines [].
: Informed consent was obtained from all adult participants included in the study. Informed consent was obtained from the legal guardians of child participants included in the study, and assent was also obtained for child participants 7–17 years of age included in the study.
: CSL — none. CGS — research grants to her institution from Merck and Pfizer. JWK — none. RMH — none. CD — none. ASW — none. ABB — none. APC — none. LC — none. LC — none. SD — none. JD — none. SG — none. NH — none. EH — none. VL — none. MLM — none. DP — none. MMP — none. JR — none. PV — none. MV — none. DV — none. DY — none. RJS — none. LLH — research grants to her institution from AstraZeneca, Merck and Pfizer.
: The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the Indian Health Service.
