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Article History

Received: 12 December 2024

Revised: 18 July 2025

Accepted: 22 July 2025

First Online: 25 August 2025

Declarations

:

: This study received ethics approval through Heartland IRB before the initiation of this study (HIRB project No. 329–062421). All focus groups were conducted anonymously, and no identifying information was collected. Since all focus groups were conducted via Zoom and no written forms were completed or collected, the Hepatitis B Foundation collected verbal informed consent from all participants and verbal authorization to record the focus group and include the anonymous data in this study’s analysis. The procedure for collecting verbal informed consent was approved by Heartland IRB (HIRB project No. 329–062421). The voluntary nature of participating in and contributing to any portion of the discussion, and the ability of any participant to leave the focus group at any time, was made explicit at the beginning of each focus group.

: Not applicable.

: The Hepatitis B Foundation receives public health program and research grants from BMS, GSK, Gilead Sciences, Dynavax Technologies, Roche, Vir, and Precision Biosciences. Chari Cohen serves on a patient advocacy advisory committee for GSK and Gilead Sciences, with remuneration going directly to the Hepatitis B Foundation. Beatrice Zovich has received remuneration for serving on a hepatitis delta advisory committee for Gilead Sciences. The other authors declare they have no competing interests. Suzanne Block is supported by the training grant T32 CA009314 from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health. The content of this work is solely the responsibility of the author and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.