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Authors
Ghimire, Saruna https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2662-2006
Karmacharya, Isha https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2840-4181
Shrestha, Aman https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5990-108X
Danquah, Ahmed
Jama, Shuayb Jet
Asfaw, Seleshi
Adhikari, Surendra Bir https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3551-5026
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ohio Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services (2300903)
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Article History
Received: 4 December 2024
Revised: 15 August 2025
Accepted: 18 August 2025
First Online: 30 September 2025
Declarations
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: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board at the Ohio Department of Health (ODH IRB 2023–36). Data were collected anonymously, and no personally identifying information was collected to protect participants’ privacy. The Qualtrics platform was secured to ensure confidentiality.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. The first page of the Qualtrics survey provided an informed consent form, explaining the study’s purpose, the voluntary nature of participation, and the potential risks and benefits.
: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
