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Authors
Nalven, Tessa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1332-195X
Schick, Melissa R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0689-6672
Spillane, Nichea S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4110-3255
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (T32AA007459)
Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse (K08DA029094)
Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse (F31DA053754)
Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse (T32DA019426)
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Article History
Received: 21 November 2024
Revised: 16 May 2025
Accepted: 31 August 2025
First Online: 29 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics Approval: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the University of Rhode Island Institutional Review Board (IRB Reference #: 853429).
Consent to Participate: Assent was obtained from all adolescent participants included in the study and parental informed consent was obtained from the parents of each adolescent.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
