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Authors
Chaidez-Ruacho, Hector https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1007-7807
Balderrama, Jaime Fuentes https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8225-0294
Cubbin, Catherine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6023-4541
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
NHLBI Division of Intramural Research (T32HL140290)
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P2CHD042849)
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Article History
Received: 21 July 2025
Revised: 27 September 2025
Accepted: 5 October 2025
First Online: 27 October 2025
Declarations
: This study was approved for exemption by the Institutional Review Board of The University of Texas at Austin (STUDY00007124). The research involves secondary analysis of data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), which is de-identified public use data. As such, additional informed consent was not required for this study, though the original NHIS data collection procedures included obtaining informed consent from all individual participants.
: This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
