Nakphong, Michelle K. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2632-8007
De Trinidad Young, Maria-Elena https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7426-7870
Lee, Kevin F. https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9920-6829
Sudhinaraset, May https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6099-7485
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities (R01 MD012292-04)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (T32-HD007545)
Article History
Received: 21 August 2024
Revised: 10 December 2025
Accepted: 15 December 2025
First Online: 4 February 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Access to the CHIS and RIGHTS data was granted through the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Center for Helath Policy Research Data Access Center, and Institutional Review Board approval was obtained through the UCLA Office of the Human Research Protection Program (IRB #18–000498).
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: The authors have no competing interests.