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Authors
Francke, Pedro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4797-1587
Huaroto, Cesar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6114-9701
Vivas, Claudia
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Pontifícia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Article History
Received: 7 October 2025
Revised: 25 June 2026
Accepted: 27 June 2026
First Online: 4 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics Approval: The research adhered to established ethical standards, ensuring that the findings and conclusions are derived from unbiased analysis and interpretation. The Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú has a Research Ethical Committee that has approved its regulations, which are publicly available at . This study strictly followed the procedures outlined in these regulations. Since only secondary data were used, explicit approval from the Committee was not required under the existing guidelines.
Consent for Publication: As only secondary anonymized census data were used, consent for publication was not required.
Consent to Participate: As only secondary data was used, consent to participate was unnecessary.
Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing financial, professional, political, societal (including gender-related), or personal interests, nor any relationships or affiliations, that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.
