Article History
Received: 20 February 2024
Accepted: 12 November 2025
First Online: 2 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors of this paper declare they have no known conflicts of interest. All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.
: The images used in the assessment and in this paper are from the open-access resource, the Racially Diverse Affective Expression (RADIATE) Face Stimulus Set (Conley et al., ). “All models consented to being photographed and released their photos to be used for research and scientific purposes” (Conley et al., , p. 1060).