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Article History

Received: 9 October 2019

Accepted: 8 June 2020

First Online: 15 June 2020

Compliance with ethical standards

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: LI has participated in Advisory Boards for Eli Lilly, Italy and Novo Nordisk, Italy; FA has received honoraria from Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk and Ipsen and research funding from Merck Serono; CG, TA, NAG, LG, RM, L Perrone, LR, SS, and GT have no conflict of interest to declare; L Persani has been an invited speaker for Sandoz and Merck-Serono, and has received unconditional research funds from Novartis, IBSA and Merck-Serono; GB has received honoraria from Ferring, Novo, Serono, Lilly, Sandoz; CZ has received honoraria from Sandoz, Novo, Medtronic; HZ is an employee of Sandoz Biopharmaceutical c/o HEXAL AG, Germany; PG and PF are employees of Sandoz S.p.A, Milan, Italy; SZ has been a member of expert committees for Eli Lilly Diabetes, Italy, and Roche Diagnostics.

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee (Comitato Etico Indipendente dell’Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, n°120/2007/O/Oss) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Informed consent was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of all individual participants included in the study.