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Article History

Received: 28 April 2025

Accepted: 15 November 2025

First Online: 3 December 2025

Declarations

:

: MG has received honoraria for speaker fees and/or travel grants for scientific meetings from AAA, AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bruno Farm., Eli-Lilly, IBSA, Lifescan, Mundipharma, Novo Nordisk and Sanofi, and served on scientific advisory panels for Boehringer-Ingelheim, Merck Sharp & Dohme and Novo Nordisk; AC received grants for consultancies/advisory boards: MSD, OncoC4, Roche, Regeneron, BMS, Amgen, Daiichi Sankyo, Astrazeneca, Access Infinity, Ardelis Health, Alpha Sight, Capvision, Techspert. He also received speaker fees from Astrazeneca, Roche, Pierre-Fabre, MSD, SANOFI/Regeneron; compensation for writing/editorial activity: BMS, MSD; travel support from Sanofi, MSD, Roche and funding (to institution) from the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer; SF has served on scientific advisory committees and collaborated with Novartis, Teva, Roche, BMS, Lilly, and Ipsen; FP: reports institutional grants or contracts from Roche, Bayer, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Incyte, Tesaro/GSK, Merck; consulting fees from Bayer, Pierre Fabre, Astra Zeneca, Incyte, Ipsen, Clovis, Astellas, Sanofi, Roche, Pfizer; leadership in scientific society: President of AIOM 2023–2025; AR received travel grants from Movi SpA; FG Eli Lilly, Roche Diabetes Care (grants); Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk (consulting fees); AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Lifescan, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi Aventis (support for attending meetings or travels); AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Lifescan, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Medimmune, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi Aventis (participation on Advisory Boards); EASD/EFSD (unpaid leadership); MCZ has received consultation fees from AAA, Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme; NS received Honoraria, Institutional Grants/Research Support, Advisory Boards, Scientific National and International Meeting Support from: Editree, Effetti, Sanitanova, Vihtal, Aristea, Pharmalex, Agorà, LeoPharma, Menarini, Servier, Bristol, Glaxo, Isheo, MSD; Member of Working Group AIFA; Member of the Ethics Committee of the Cancer Institute of Bari; National secretary of AIOM; AF has received speaker honoraria or consultation fees as well as research and travel support from Ipsen, Novartis, Advanced Accelerator Applications – AAA, Recordati, Gentili. All the other Authors declare no conflict of interest related to the manuscript.

: Not applicable.