le Roux, Carel W.
Done, Nicolae
Brnabic, Alan J. M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4303-2515
Zion, Abigail
Lipkovich, Ilya
Kadziola, Zbigniew
Dunn, Julia P.
Desai, Urvi
Kirson, Noam
Dimitriadis, Georgios K.
Kan, Hong
Funding for this research was provided by:
Eli Lilly and Company (Eli Lilly and Company)
Article History
Received: 20 October 2025
Accepted: 14 December 2025
First Online: 9 February 2026
Declarations
:
: ND, UD, and NK are employees of Analysis Group, Inc., a consulting firm that received funding for this research from Eli Lilly and Company. AZ was, at the time of the study, an employee of Analysis Group, Inc., a consulting firm that received funding for this research from Eli Lilly and Company. GKD, AB, IL, JD, and ZK are employees of Eli Lilly and Company and hold stock or stock options in Eli Lilly and Company. HK was an employee of Eli Lilly and Company at the time of the study. CWR reports payments to the institution from the Irish Research Council, Health Research Board, Science Foundation Ireland, and Anabio; consulting fees from NovoNordisk, Eli Lilly, Johnson&Johnson, Boehringer Ingelheim, GI Dynamics, Herbalife, Altimmune, Irish Life Health, Amgen, Arrowhead, Roche, AstraZeneca, Keyron, Gila Pharmaceuticals, Metsera, Nymble, AbbVie, and Olympus; payments for presentations from NovoNordisk, Herbalife, Johnson&Johnson, Eli Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim, Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, and Currax Pharmaceuticals; support for attending meetings and/or travel from NovoNordisk, Herbalife, Johnson&Johnson, Eli Lilly, and Boehringer Ingelheim; stock/stock options as payment for scientific advisory board contributions from Metsera and Nymble; an unpaid leadership/fiduciary role in the Irish Society for Nutrition and Metabolism; and is a co-owner providing clinical obesity care for My Best Weight and Beyond BMI.
: The data that support the findings of this study were licensed from Truveta. Per the Data Use Agreement between Lilly and Truveta, the deposition of data into publicly available repositories is not allowed.
: The study is considered exempt research by the United States Department of Health and Human Services under 45 CFR § 46.104(d)(4) as it involved only the secondary use of data that were de-identified in compliance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), specifically, 45 CFR § 164.514.