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Authors
Xiao, Sha
Wang, Xiaobo
Zhang, Hongbo
Liu, Rong
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Article History
Received: 23 December 2025
Accepted: 1 April 2026
First Online: 15 April 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare they have no conflict of interest regarding this research study.
: The study was approved by Tianjin First Center Hospital, and informed written consent was waived due to the nature of a retrospective study. The study was performed in strict accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects.
: Not applicable.
: Informed written consent was waived.
: Not applicable.
