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Authors
Palomba, Stefano https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2767-8295
Seminara, Giuseppe https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0978-6511
Costanzi, Flavia
Cannarella, Rossella https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4599-8487
Russo, Tiziana
Signore, Fabrizio https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0395-3208
Sarica, Martina
Calogero, Aldo E. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-335X
Caserta, Donatella https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0938-9556
Aversa, Antonio https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2989-2618
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza
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Article History
Received: 22 February 2026
Accepted: 10 June 2026
First Online: 22 June 2026
Declarations
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: There are no conflicts of interest for any of the authors.
: The present study is a secondary analysis of de-identified data previously collected, with no new data collection or direct patient contact involved. The study protocols were originally approved by the Ethical Committee of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro and by the Institutional Review Board of the Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine of University “Sapienza” of Rome. Additional ethical approval was not required for this type of secondary analysis involving anonymized datasets, as the research poses no additional risk to participants and complies with data protection standards.
