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Article History

Received: 17 January 2025

Accepted: 6 May 2025

First Online: 13 June 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

: No formal research ethical approval was required for this retrospective project in line with the Health Research Authority decision tool. The project was however recorded with the local renal audit and research database and necessary approvals from the Caldicott Guardian were obtained.

: This study complies with relevant ethical standards regarding human participants. No animal studies were conducted as part of this study.

: Not applicable. Retrospective, observational study based on the Scottish Electronic Renal Patient Record database.