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Authors
Ko, Byounghwi
Ko, Ye Eun
Jung, Chan-Young
Kang, Dong Hoon
Park, Cheol Ho
Koh, Hee Byung
Heo, Ga Young
Kim, Hyung Woo
Park, Jung Tak
Yoo, Tae-Hyun
Kang, Shin-Wook
Park, Sue Kyung
Kim, Soo Wan
Kim, Yeong Hoon
Sung, Suah
Oh, Kook Hwan
Han, Seung Hyeok https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7923-5635
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011E3300300)
Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012E3301100)
Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013E3301600)
Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013E3301601)
Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013E3301602)
Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2016E3300200)
Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2016E3300201)
Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2016E3300202)
Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2019E320100)
Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2019E320101)
Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2019E320102)
Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2022-11-007)
National Institute of Health (2025E110100)
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Article History
Received: 3 March 2025
Accepted: 8 June 2025
First Online: 28 July 2025
Declarations
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: The authors have no conflicts to disclose.
: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The UK Biobank study has approval from the Northwest Multicenter Research Ethics Committee approval (approval number: 21/NW/0157).
: The protocols for animal experiments were approved by the Committee for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals at Yonsei University College of Medicine (Approval No. 2022-0238). All experiments with animals were conducted in accordance with the Principles of Laboratory Animal Care (NIH Publication No. 85–23, revised 1985). This study does not include any research involving humans.
: All participants provided written informed consent.
