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Article History

Received: 16 April 2025

Accepted: 19 July 2025

First Online: 6 September 2025

Declarations

:

: P.M.F. received consultant fees and grant/other support from Alnylam, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Novo Nordisk, and royalties as an author for UpToDate. G.G. received consultant fees and grant/other support from Roche Diagnostics, Fresenius kabi, Alexion, Alnylam, Astra Zeneca, Medtronics, Vifor Pharma, Samsungbioepis and royalties as an author for UpToDate. D.P. received consultant fees and grant/other support from Alnylam. F.L. received consultant fees and grant/other support from AstraZeneca. A.S. and G.P. declare no conflicts of interest about the content of this paper.

: The study protocol was approved by the Scientific Committee of the Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care. The research complied with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and followed the ENCePP Guide on Methodological Standards in Pharmacoepidemiology. Conducted in 2022, this was a retrospective, non-interventional, non-pharmacological observational study. As such, according to the Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA) note dated August 3, 2007 and GU No. 31, February 7, 2023, ethics committee approval was not required.

: This study was in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.

: Conducted in 2022, this was a retrospective, non-interventional, non-pharmacological observational study. As such, according to the Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA) note dated August 3, 2007 and GU No. 31, February 7, 2023, informed consent was not required.