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Authors
Larkin, James https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5152-2414
Alfano, Gaetano
Ligabue, Giulia
Cadenas, Rodrigo MartÃnez
Gerritsen, Karin G. F.
Fehintola, Abass
Donati, Gabriele
Duane, Brett
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
HORIZON EUROPE European Innovation Council (101137054)
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Article History
Received: 4 April 2025
Accepted: 19 August 2025
First Online: 1 November 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
: Ethical approval was not required for this study as it did not involve human participants or animal research. The study focused solely on environmental data collection and analysis related to haemodialysis systems.
: Not applicable. This research did not involve any individual participants, patients, or human data.
