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Article History

Accepted: 17 December 2020

First Online: 24 February 2021

Conflict of interest

: L. Klimek reports grants and personal fees from Allergopharma, grants and personal fees from MEDA/Mylan, personal fees from HAL Allergie, personal fees from ALK Abelló, grants and personal fees from LETI Pharma, grants and personal fees from Stallergenes, grants from Quintiles, grants and personal fees from Sanofi, grants from ASIT biotech, grants from Lofarma, personal fees from Allergy Therapeut., grants from AstraZeneca, grants and personal fees from GSK, grants from Inmunotek, personal fees from Cassella med, personal fees from Novartis, outside the submitted work; and Membership: AeDA, DGHNO, Deutsche Akademie für Allergologie und klinische Immunologie, HNO-BV, GPA, EAACI. K. Hartmann has received research funding from Euroimmun and Thermofisher and consultancy or lecture fees from Allergopharma, ALK-Abelló, Blueprint, Deciphera, Menarini, Novartis and Takeda. J. Ring reports personal fees from Mylan, personal fees from Allergika, outside the submitted work. A. Chaker reports grants and other from Allergopharma, grants and other from ALK Abello, grants and other from Bencard/Allergen Therapeutics, grants and other from ASIT Biotech, other from Lofarma, grants and other from GSK, grants and other from Novartis, grants and other from LETI, grants and other from Roche, grants and other from Zeller, other from Sanofi Genzyme, grants from European Institute of Technology, grants and other from AstraZeneca, grants and other from Immunotek, outside the submitted work; in addition, Dr. Chaker has a patent A ratio of immune cells as prognostic indicator of therapeutic success in allergen-specific immunotherapy: 17 177 681.8 licensed to none. M. Wagenmann has received fees for advice, lectures or research support from the following companies in the past 3 years: ALK-Abelló, Allergopharma, AstraZeneca, Bencard Allergie, Genzyme, GSK, HAL Allergie, Infectopharm, LETI Pharma, MEDA Pharma, Novartis, Regeneron, Sanofi Aventis, Stallergenes, Teva—all outside of the present work. T. Ankermann has received fees and accommodation and travel expenses for lectures and publications from the following companies and institutions: Abbvie, Aimmune, Allergopharma, Chiesi, Infectopharm, Novartis, UKSH Academy, RG, Springer publishing house, Scientific publishing company, GPP e. V, GPA e. V., nappa e. V., ÖGKJ e. V. Dr. Ankermann has received fees for advisory boards from Boehringer Ingelheim, Aimmune, and fees for safety board from Allergopharma, all outside of the present work. C. Vogelberg has received lecture fees or consultant fees or travel and accommodation costs from: ALK, Allergopharma, Aimmune, DBV, LETI, Novartis, Stallergenes, HAL, Bencard, Sanofi, Aimmune, GPA e. V., APPA e. V. all outside of the present work. T. Werfel reports grants and/or fees from AbbVie, ALK Abello, Almirall, Astellas, Bencard, Galderma, Janssen/JNJ, Leo Pharma, Leti, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron/Sanofi, Stallergen, all outside of the present work. A. Bauer reports grants and personal fees from Novartis, Leo Pharma, Sanofi/Regeneron, Shire/Takeda, Genentech, outside the submitted work. T. Zuberbier reports personal fees and/or fees for talk from Bayer Health Care, FAES, Novartis, Henkel, AstraZeneca, AbbVie, ALK, Almirall, Astellas, Bencard, Berlin Chemie, HAL, Leti, Meda, Menarini, Merck, MSD, Pfizer, Sanofi, Stallergenes, Takeda, Teva, UCB, Kryolan, L’Oréal outside the submitted work. T. Jakob reports grants, personal fees and non-financial support from Novartis, grants, personal fees and non-financial support from ALK-Abello, personal fees and non-financial support from Allergy Therapeutics/Bencard, personal fees from Allergopharma, personal fees from Thermo Fisher, outside the submitted work. M. Worm reports honorarium for advisory boards and lecture activities from Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, DBV Technologies S.A, Stallergenes GmbH, HAL Allergie GmbH, Bencard Allergie GmbH, Allergopharma GmbH & Co. KG, ALK-Abelló Arzneimittel GmbH, Mylan Germany GmbH, Leo Pharma GmbH, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Aimmune Therapeutics UK Limited, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Deutschland GmbH, Novartis AG, Biotest AG, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Lilly Deutschland GmbH, outside the submitted work. N. Novak, E. Hamelmann, C. Taube, H. Merk, U. Rabe, K. Jung, W. Schlenter, W. Wehrmann, S. Becker, N. Mülleneisen, K. Nemat, W. Czech, H. Wrede, R. Brehler, T. Fuchs, S. M. Schmidt and M. Gerstlauer declare that they have no competing interests.