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Article History

Received: 18 February 2026

Accepted: 3 March 2026

First Online: 15 April 2026

Conflict of interest

: M. Lommatzsch has received consulting fees and/or lecture fees from ALK, Allergopharma, Apontis, AstraZeneca, Berlin-Chemie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, GSK, HAL Allergy, Leti, Novartis, MSD, Sanofi, Stallergenes, and TEVA, as well as support for participation in meetings and/or travel expenses from AstraZeneca and Novartis, and funding for research and/or clinical studies from the German Research Foundation, AstraZeneca, and GSK. L. Klimek reports receiving honoraria from Allergopharma, Viatris, LETI, Stallergenes, ALK Abelló, HAL Allergie, Sanofi, AstraZeneca, GSK, Inmunotek, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, and Novartis outside the scope of this submitted work; as well as memberships in: AeDA, DGHNO, German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology, HNO-BV, GPA, EAACI. L. Klimek is the editor of Allergo Journal and Allergo Journal International. R. Buhl has received honoraria for lectures and/or consulting from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Cipla, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, and Teva, as well as research support from Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK, Novartis, and Roche at the University Medical Center Mainz – outside the scope of this work. R. Buhl has received honoraria for lectures and/or consulting from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Cipla, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, and Teva, as well as research support from Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK, Novartis, and Roche for the University Medical Center Mainz – outside the scope of this work. R. Brehler has received honoraria from ALK, Allergopharma, Bencard, HAL, Leti, Stallergenes, AstraZeneca, GSK, Medupdate, Novartis, Biotechtools, Genentech, and Circassia, outside the scope of the submitted work. C. Vogelberg reports grants and/or personal honoraria from Aimmune Therapeutics, Allergopharma, ALK, Allergy Therapeutics, Bencard Allergie, DBV Technology, AstraZeneca, LETI, Sanofi, Stallergenes Greer, Thermo Fisher, Forum für med. Fortbildung (FomF), RG-Gesellschaft für Information und Organisation (RG - Society for Information and Organization), AeDA, and GPA, outside the scope of the submitted work, and memberships: AeDA, GPA, EAACI, and DGAKI. S. Korn has received consulting fees and/or lecture honoraria from AstraZeneca, BI, Chiesi, GSK, and Sanofi. M. Joest has received consulting fees and/or honoraria for lectures from AstraZeneca, Bencard Allergy, Berlin-Chemie, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Chiesi, GSK, HAL Allergy, Leti, Sanofi, and Stallergenes, as well as support for meeting attendance and/or travel expenses from AstraZeneca, Celltrion, Bencard Allergy, Boehringer-Ingelheim, and HAL Allergy. K. aufm Kampe has received honoraria for lectures from AstraZeneca, Bencard Allergy, and HAL Allergy, as well as support for meeting attendance and/or travel expenses from AstraZeneca, Bencard Allergy, HAL Allergy, and Stallergenes. F. Schmitz reports collaborations with Apontis, AstraZeneca, Bencard, Berlin-Chemie, Chiesi, GSK, Sanofi, Regeneron, and Santis outside the scope of this work. E. Hamelmann, N. Mülleneisen, C. Taube, J. Trischler and S. Lampert declare that they have no competing interests in connection with this publication.