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Article History

Received: 17 November 2024

Revised: 14 January 2025

Accepted: 21 January 2025

First Online: 13 February 2025

Declarations

:

: The Ethics Committee of the School of Journalism and Communication of Beijing Normal University endorsed this study. All participants were asked to sign a written consent form before the interview. The participants were also informed that they had the right to exit the interview at any time if they felt the need to do so. Additionally, the participants were informed that the study results could potentially be published and shared among a more extensive network of researchers.

: Not applicable.

: I hereby declare that this manuscript is the result of my independent creation underthe reviewers' comments. Except for the quoted contents, this manuscript does not contain any research achievements that have been published or written by other individuals or groups. Wang Ruibin and Zhang Zhihua are author of this manuscript. The legal responsibility of this statement shall be borne by Wang Ruibin and Zhang Zhihua.

: The coding used in this study are provided in the supplementary section.