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Article History

Received: 1 August 2025

Revised: 6 October 2025

Accepted: 10 October 2025

First Online: 2 November 2025

Declarations

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: This article, is original and not under review elsewhere. No human participants, animals, or personal data were involved, so ethics approval was not required. All sources were properly acknowledged, and the work contains no plagiarism, data fabrication, or falsification. The authors affirm adherence to accepted standards of academic integrity and declare no conflicts of interest. The authors are responsible for ensuring the manuscript’s ethical compliance.

: The authors declare that there are no financial or non-financial competing interests that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.