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Article History

Received: 12 July 2025

Accepted: 26 November 2025

First Online: 10 December 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. All procedures involving human participants were carried out with respect for their rights and dignity. Ethical approval was not required as the study did not involve any clinical intervention or sensitive personal data.

: All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in the study.

: The authors declare no competing interests.