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Gender Differences in Adverse Childhood Experiences, Psychological Distress, and Substance Use Disorder Among Persons who Inject Drugs in Northeast Georgia, USA: A Moderated Mediation Analysis

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-025-00815-w

Published Online: 2026-01-10

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Clinton, Samantha

Shomuyiwa, Deborah

Sarwar, Golam

Wang, Liyuan

Callands, Tamora A.

Hansen, Nathan B.

Haider, Mohammad Rifat
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD092185)

National Institute of Mental Health (R34MH13256)

University of Georgia (UGA) Faculty Seed Grants in Sciences FY2023

National Institute on Drug Abuse (K01DA059329)
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-01-10

Version of Record valid from 2026-01-10
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Article History

Received: 28 April 2025

Accepted: 22 December 2025

First Online: 10 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was approved by the University of Georgia Institutional Review Board (Project00005456).

: All participants provided informed consent to participate before participating in the study.

: All participants provided written informed consent for publication before participating in the study.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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