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Authors
Aldowah, Hanan Ahmad https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1020-2389
Al-Samarraie, Hosam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9861-8989
Noman, Fuad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1756-8239
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Article History
Received: 20 October 2023
Revised: 17 December 2024
Accepted: 13 January 2025
First Online: 18 April 2025
Ethical Approval
: This study was conducted in accordance with established ethical guidelines, and all necessary approvals were obtained from the appropriate authorities.
: All participants provided informed consent before their participation in the study.
: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
