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Authors
Xia, Qi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0538-7665
Yang, Yiming https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9750-8920
Weng, Xiaojing https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2248-5312
Cilsalar-Sagnak, Hatice https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6282-2152
Cheng, Wing Kin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5477-9708
Chiu, Thomas K. F. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2887-5477
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Department of curriculum and instruction (Department of curriculum and instruction)
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Article History
Received: 16 January 2025
Revised: 9 August 2025
Accepted: 26 September 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Declarations
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: The author has no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
: This study got ethical clearance from the first author’s university and got the consents from the participants to collect their data.
: The participant has consented to the submission of the manuscript to journals and conferences.
