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Authors
Michibata, Takuro
Wall, Casey J.
Hirota, Nagio
Duran, Brandon M.
Nozawa, Toru
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Science and Technology Agency (JPMJFR206Y)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP23K13171, JP25K07404)
Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency (JPMEERF21S12004)
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (JPMXD0722680395, JPMXD0722680395)
European Research Council (101156240 (AC3S))
National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program (DGE-2038238)
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Article History
Received: 30 April 2025
Accepted: 8 August 2025
First Online: 18 August 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Hodnebrog, Ø., Myhre, G., Jouan, C., Andrews, T., Forster, P. M., Jia, H., Loeb, N. G., Olivié, D. J. L., Paynter, D., Quaas, J., Raghuraman, S. P., and Schulz, M.: Recent reductions in aerosol emissions have increased Earth’s energy imbalance, Communications Earth and Environment, 5, 1–9, , 2024. This modeling study quantifies the relative contributions of GHGs and aerosols to the EEI trend, demonstrating that recent reductions in aerosols have contributed to increased heat in the Earth system. Mülmenstädt, J., Salzmann, M., Kay, J. E., Zelinka, M. D., Ma, P. L., Nam, C., Kretzschmar, J., Hörnig, S., and Quaas, J.: An underestimated negative cloud feedback from cloud lifetime changes, Nature Climate Change, 11, 508–513, , 2021. This study discusses biases in cloud phase feedback that are amplified by microphysical biases in models, and emphasizes the importance of improving cloud process representation through observational constraints. Zelinka, M.D., Smith, C.J., Qin, Y., Taylor, K.E.: Comparison of methods to estimate aerosol effective radiative forcings in climate models. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, 8879–8898 (2023) This study thoroughly documents the aerosol ERFs in CMIP models, quantifies how these are influenced by calculation methods, and examines the divergence among models by decomposing the ERFs into LW and SW components as well as microphysical contributions.
