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Authors
Traxler, Haily K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5386-553X
Franck, Christopher T. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1251-4378
Koffarnus, Mikhail N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7923-7734
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institutes of Health (TL1TR001997)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (T32DA035200)
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R21AA023605)
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R21AA022727)
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Article History
Received: 6 March 2025
Accepted: 6 December 2025
First Online: 8 February 2026
Declarations
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: All research procedures were conducted in compliance with the Virginia Tech Human Subjects Institutional Review Board. All study participants provided informed consent to participate. This study was not preregistered.
: All authors of this article approve of and consent to publication of this article.
: Mikhail Koffarnus is a co-founder of Re-Connect Health Inc., the products and services of which are not discussed in this manuscript. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
