Algaddaime, Talal F.
Hassan, Emadelddin
Stack, Margaret M.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Libyan Academic Attache
(Northern Ireland—Ireland—Scotland) Special EU Programmers (SPIRE2_INT–VA–049)
(Northern Ireland—Ireland—Scotland) Special EU Programmers (SPIRE2_INT–VA–049)
Article History
Received: 11 July 2025
Revised: 17 December 2025
Accepted: 20 December 2025
First Online: 3 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.