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Authors
Ritchlin, Christopher T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2602-1219
Lubrano, Ennio https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6189-5328
Chimenti, Maria Sole https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1343-1729
Leibowitz, Evan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0041-6984
Sharaf, Mohamed https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9847-2996
Rampakakis, Emmanouil
Nantel, Francois https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7970-3328
Lavie, Frederic https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5213-257X
Deodhar, Atul https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2130-1246
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Johnson and Johnson
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Article History
Received: 29 April 2025
Accepted: 3 June 2025
First Online: 21 July 2025
Declarations
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: Christopher T. Ritchlin: grant/research support: AbbVie, Amgen, and UCB; consultant: AbbVie, Amgen, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB. Ennio Lubrano: honoraria: AbbVie, Amgen, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, and UCB. Ennio Lubrano is an Editorial Board member of Rheumatology and Therapy. Ennio Lubrano was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Maria Sole Chimenti: speaker honoraria/research grants: Eli Lilly, AbbVie, UCB, Novartis, and Johnson & Johnson. Evan Leibowitz: employee: Johnson & Johnson; shareholder: Johnson & Johnson. Mohamed Sharaf: employee: Johnson & Johnson; shareholder: Johnson & Johnson. Emmanouil Rampakakis: employee: JSS Medical Research Inc.; consultant: Johnson & Johnson. Francois Nantel: consultant: Johnson & Johnson; shareholder: Johnson & Johnson. Frederic Lavie: employee: was an employee of Johnson & Johnson at the time this work was performed and currently an employee of Les Entreprises du Médicament, Paris, France; shareholder: Johnson & Johnson. Atul Deodhar: consultant: Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB; research grants: Eli Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB; speaker fees: Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB.
: The DISCOVER-2 (NCT03158285) study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and International Council for Harmonization Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice. Each participating site’s governing ethical body approved study protocols, and all participants provided written informed consent.
