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Authors
Vargus, Adriana https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7133-4329
Gilmore, Corbyn M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3847-3674
Koeller, Jim M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8962-7453
Lee, Grace C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7653-3028
Patel, Haridarshan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1827-5163
LaMoreaux, Brian https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7521-241X
Jones, Xavier F.
Frei, Christopher R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0692-4787
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Amgen
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Article History
Received: 16 June 2025
Accepted: 19 August 2025
First Online: 19 September 2025
Declarations
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: Amgen Inc. (formerly Horizon Therapeutics) provided money to the Foundation for Advancing Veterans’ Health Research, for Jim M. Koeller, Grace C. Lee, Xavier F. Jones, and Christopher R. Frei to perform this research. Xavier F. Jones’ and Christopher R. Frei’s institutions have also received grant money for them to perform research, from AstraZeneca, in the last 3 years. Haridarshan Patel and Brian LaMoreaux are employees of Amgen Inc. Adriana Vargus and Corbyn M. Gilmore declare no conflicts of interest.
: This observational study was performed in accordance with ethical principles that are consistent with the Declaration of Helsinki and the applicable legislation on non-interventional studies and/or observational studies. The final protocol of the study was approved by the University of Texas Health San Antonio Institutional Review Board (IRB) and the South Texas Veterans Health Care System Research & Development (HSR&D) committee. The IRB granted a Waiver of Informed Consent because it was not practical to carry out the research without the requested waiver.
