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Authors
Dolin, Paul
Shavit, Anat https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9898-907X
Rowell, Jennifer https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2187-5315
Edmonds, Chris
Persson, Josefine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-3523
Kielar, Danuta https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1814-1100
McDonald, Keltie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0204-9049
Mevius, Antje https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9556-6693
Hellmich, Bernhard https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8014-1801
Chen, Stephanie Y.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
AstraZeneca
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Article History
Received: 2 May 2025
Accepted: 26 August 2025
First Online: 17 October 2025
Declarations
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: Paul Dolin, Anat Shavit, Jennifer Rowell, Chris Edmonds, Josefine Persson, Danuta Kielar, and Stephanie Y. Chen are or were employees or contractors of AstraZeneca at the time of study conduct and reporting, and may own stock/stock options. Anat Shavit is currently an employee of Boehringer Ingelheim. Jennifer Rowell owns stock in Roche. Danuta Kielar is currently an employee of Viatris. Keltie McDonald is an employee of Cytel, which received funding from AstraZeneca to conduct this study. Antje Mevius is an employee of the Institut für Pharmakoökonomie und Arzneimittellogistik e.V. and has nothing to disclose. Bernhard Hellmich has received speaker fees and/or consultancies from AbbVie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Chugai, GSK, InflaRx, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Phadia, Roche, and CSL Vifor.
: The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles that are consistent with the Declaration of Helsinki, ICH Good Clinical Practice, the Guidelines for Good Pharmacoepidemiology Practice (GPP) published by the International Society of Pharmacoepidemiology (ISPE), and appropriate laws and regulations of Germany and the European Union. All data within the dataset provided by AOK Plus were fully anonymised, and permission was obtained from AOK Plus to utilise their data for this study. Due to the anonymised nature of the data, ethics board review and approval were not required; however, the study protocol was reviewed and approved by AOK Plus. This article is based on retrospective data and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
