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Authors
Gladman, Dafna D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9074-0592
Eder, Lihi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1473-1715
Selmi, Carlo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0323-0376
Mease, Philip J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6620-0457
Ogdie, Alexis https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4639-0775
Lozenski, Karissa https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4031-4067
Adamson, Elizabeth https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6564-0778
Sharaf, Mohamed https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9847-2996
Rampakakis, Emmanouil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7427-8246
Pina Vegas, Laura https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2735-1148
Coates, Laura C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4756-663X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Johnson and Johnson
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Article History
Received: 6 October 2025
Accepted: 14 November 2025
First Online: 15 December 2025
Declarations
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: Dafna D. Gladman: Grants: AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB; Consultant: AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Gilead, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB. Lihi Eder: Consultant: AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, Bristol Myers Squibb, Moonlake, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB; Grants: AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Pfizer, Fresenius Kabi, and UCB. Carlo Selmi: Grant/Research: AbbVie, Amgen, and Pfizer; Consultant/Speaker: AbbVie, Alfa-Wassermann, Amgen, Biogen, Eli Lilly, EUSA, Galapagos, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, and SOBI. Philip J. Mease: Grants: AbbVie, Acelyrin, Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, and UCB; Consultant: AbbVie, Acelyrin, Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Immagene, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, and Ventyx; Speaker: AbbVie, Amgen, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB. Alexis Ogdie: Consultant/Advisory Boards: AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, CorEvitas, Eli Lilly, Gilead, GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB; Grants: AbbVie to Penn, Amgen to Forward/NDB, Novartis to Penn, and Pfizer to Penn; Other Funding: National Psoriasis Foundation, NIAMS, Rheumatology Research Foundation, and University of Pennsylvania. Karissa Lozenski: Employee: Johnson & Johnson; Owns stock: Johnson & Johnson and Bristol Myers Squibb. Elizabeth Adamson: Employee: Johnson & Johnson; Owns stock: Johnson & Johnson. Mohamed Sharaf: Employee: Johnson & Johnson; Owns stocks: Johnson & Johnson. Emmanouil Rampakakis: Employee: JSS Medical Research; Consultant: Johnson & Johnson. Laura Pina Vegas: Support for attending meeting: Novartis and Celltrion. Laura C. Coates: Grant/Research: AbbVie, Amgen, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB; Consultant: AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Galapagos, Johnson & Johnson, Moonlake, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB; Speaker: AbbVie, Amgen, Biogen, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Gilead, GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson & Johnson, Medac, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB. Laura C. Coates is an Editorial Board member of Rheumatology and Therapy . Laura C. Coates was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions.
: DISCOVER-1 (NCT03162796), DISCOVER-2 (NCT03158285), and COSMOS (NCT03796858) were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, International Council for Harmonisation for Good Clinical Practice. Ethics approval was provided by institutional review board or independent ethics committee at every participating site prior to initiation. All participants provided written informed consent before enrollment. Ethics committee approval was obtained for all original studies included in these analyses, and detailed information is available in their respective publications [ , , ].
