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Authors
Alten, Rieke https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3395-4412
Östör, Andrew
Edwards, Christopher J.
Smolen, Josef S.
Haladyj, Ewa
Ng, Khai Jing
Ogwu, Samuel
Kaneko, Yuko
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Eli Lilly and Company
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Article History
Received: 8 January 2025
Accepted: 25 November 2025
First Online: 23 December 2025
Declarations
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: Rieke Alten has received consulting fees, payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers’ bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events, and patents planned, issues, or pending from AbbVie, BMS, Celltrion, Galapagos, Janssen, Eli Lilly and Company, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, UCB, and Viatris. Andrew Östör has received payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from AbbVie, Pfizer, Eli Lilly and Company, Novartis, and Janssen. Christopher J. Edwards received honoraria from Eli Lilly and Company, received grant payments from AbbVie, Pfizer, Roche, Biogen, and Eli Lilly and Company, received personal fees from AbbVie, Astra-Zeneca, BMS, Celltrion, Fresenius, Galapagos, Gilead, GSK, Janssen, Roche, Pfizer, and Sanofi and travel and meeting payments from Eli Lilly and Company. Josef S. Smolen received grant/research support for his institution from: AbbVie, Astra-Zeneca, Eli Lilly and Company, Galapagos and Novartis; consultancy fees from: AbbVie, Ananda, Astro, BMS, Celltrion, Chugai, Eli Lilly and Company, Immunovant, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, R-Pharma, Samsung, Sanofi, and UCB. Ewa Haladyj and Khai Jing Ng are current employees and minor shareholders of Eli Lilly and Company. Yuko Kaneko received grants or speaking fees from AbbVie, Astellas, Ayumi, Bristol–Myers Squibb, Chugai, Eisai, Eli Lilly and company, Jansen, Kissei, Kirin, Novartis pharma, Pfizer, Sanofi, Takeda, Tanabe-Mitsubishi, and UCB. Samuel Ogwu was an employee of Eli Lilly and Company at the time of the study and is currently affiliated with Dublin Business School, Dublin, Ireland.
: This study was conducted in accordance with Good Clinical Practice, the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, and local laws and regulations in the five European countries. All patients provided written informed consent prior to entry to the study. Patients or the public were not involved in the design, conduct, reporting, or dissemination plans of our research.
